| Hyperkeratosis | thickening of the stratum corneum |
| Parakeratosis | inflammatory thickening of the stratum corneum |
| Dyskeratosis | premature pathological keratinisation |
| Acanthosis | thickening of the stratum spinosum |
| Papillomatosis | pathological elongation of the connective-tissue papillas |
| Acantholysis | intercellular edema |
| Spongiosis | intercellular edema within the epidermis |
| Lichenification | irritation of the skin fields (epidermis and cutis)Pachydermia |
| Pachydermia | hypertrophy of the interstitial connective tissue |
| Atrophy | putrefaction of all layers of the skin |
| Efflorescence | clinically perceptible change which normally indicates skin disorders |
| Heterotrophy | tissue displacement at unusual locations |
| Hemorrhagic diathesis | an increased bleeding propensity during the course of a general illness can lead to - Petechiae = punctiform confluent bleeding / Suggillation/ Bruising - Ecchymosis= small hemorrhagic spot - Suffision = large hemorrhage in the oral mucosa |
| Enanthema | nonspecific inflammatory change of the mucous membrane |
| Exanthema | disease-specific inflammatory change of the mucous membrane (children‘s diseases= classic exanthemas) |
| Erythema | redness of skin by inflammation (descriptive term) |
| Mukogingival deformation | deviation from the regular extension and morphology of the gingiva and the alveolar mucosa (possibly with underlying bone) |
| Gingival recession | localisation of the gingival margin apical to the enamel-cementum junction |